Raster Images
Most images on the internet are raster images, this means they are made up of grid pixels, referred to as bitmap. The larger the image, the more disk space the image will take up. Fortunately, image size can be compressed to make sure images don't take up as much memory.
Image compression is basically the lowering of an images size and conversion into one of many different file types, such as JPEG or GIF. Image compression is used to save space by making sure images don't take up as much space when saved. When an image is compressed, the compression can be "lossy" or "lossless". A lossy compression is when an image loses a number of pixels while being compressed, and a lossless compression is the opposite, the image loses no pixels during compression.
There are many different file extensions for images, for example, JPEG, GIF, TIF and BMP. There are more, but these are just examples. File extensions are just different types of image compression, and all basically squash the image into a smaller package to save more space.
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